Email this article 
Hide
Show all
Assessment of the Interdependence of Early Maladaptive Schemas with Incorrect Eating Behaviours in Group of Women in their Early Adulthood
Abstract
Introduction: Young’s (2003) concept assumes that early maladaptive schema is a broad, dominant motive or pattern composed of memories, emotions, physiological responses, and beliefs about oneself, other people, and the world. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on early maladaptive schemas as a core feature associated with eating psychopathology leading to overweight, obesity, and eating disorders.
Research Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the interdependence of early maladaptive schemas with incorrect eating behaviours (habitual overeating, emotional overeating, diet restrictions). The research also aims to identify predictors of incorrect eating behaviours.
Method: The study included 560 females between the ages of 19 and 25. The study measured severity of abnormal eating behaviour and Early Maladaptive Schemas by Young. The Polish adaptation of Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) and The Questionnaire of Eating Behaviour (QEB) were used in the study.
Results: In relation to the overall Eating Behaviour Questionnaire and its subscales – emotional overeating, habitual overeating, and dietary restrictions – most schemas showed statistically significant associations and served as significant predictors in regression models.
Conclusions: The result obtained shows important research tendencies and may indicate the direction of further scientific research linking Young's schema theory to abnormal eating u.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Anderson, K., Rieger, E., & Caterson, I. (2006). A comparison of maladaptive schemata in treatment-seeking obese adults and normal-weight control subjects. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 60(3), 245-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.08.002
Arntz, A., & Van Genderen, H. (2020). Schema therapy for borderline personality disorder (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Bach, B., Lockwood, G., & Young, J. E. (2018). A new look at the schema therapy model: organization and role of early maladaptive schemas. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 47(4), 328-349. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2017.1410566
Cámara, M., & Calvete, E. (2012). Early maladaptive schemas as moderators of the impact of stressful events on anxiety and depression in university students. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34, 58-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-011-9261-6
Comșa, L., David, O., & David, D. (2020). Outcomes and mechanisms of change in cognitive-behavioral interventions for weight loss: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 132, 103654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103654
Clark, J. M., Garvey, W. T., Niswender, K. D., Schmidt, A. M., Ahima, R. S., Aleman, J. O., ... & Wells, Q. (2023). Obesity and Overweight: Probing Causes, Consequences, and Novel Therapeutic Approaches Through the American Heart Association's Strategically Focused Research Network. Journal of the American Heart Association, 12(4), e027693. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.122.027693
Dai, H., Alsalhe, T. A., Chalghaf, N., Riccò, M., Bragazzi, N. L., & Wu, J. (2020). The global burden of disease attributable to high body mass index in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study. PLoS Medicine, 17(7), e1003198. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003198
Dalle Grave, R., Conti, M., & Calugi, S. (2020). Effectiveness of intensive cognitive behavioral therapy in adolescents and adults with anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 53(9), 1428-1438. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23337
Fairburn, C. G. (2013). Cognitive-behavioral therapy and eating disorders. Jagiellonian University Publishing House.
Gade, H., Hjelmesæth, J., Rosenvinge, J. H., & Friborg, O. (2014). Effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapy for dysfunctional eating among patients admitted for bariatric surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obesity, 2014, 127936. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/127936
Gerges, S., Hallit, S., Malaeb, D., & Obeid, S. (2022). Maladaptive Cognitive Schemas as Predictors of Disordered Eating: Examining the Indirect Pathway through Emotion Regulation Difficulties. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11620. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811620
Ghadimi, A., Karami, J., & Yazdanbakhsh, K. (2015). The relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and meta-cognitive beliefs with addiction potential. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 17(2), 84-91. https://doi.org/10.22038/jfmh.2015.4032
House, E. T., Lister, N. B., Seidler, A. L., Li, H., Ong, W. Y., McMaster, C. M., ... & Jebeile, H. (2022). Identifying eating disorders in adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review of screening questionnaires. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 55(9), 1171-1193. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23769
Hughes, M. L., Hamill, M., van Gerko, K., Lockwood, R., & Waller, G. (2006). The relationship between different levels of cognition and behavioural symptoms in the eating disorders. Eating Behaviors, 7(2), 125-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2005.09.001
Jones, C., Harris, G., & Leung, N. (2005). Core beliefs and eating disorder recovery. European Eating Disorders Review, 13(4), 237-244. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.642
Kerin, J. L., Webb, H. J., & Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J. (2018). Resisting the temptation of food: Regulating overeating and associations with emotion regulation, mindfulness, and eating pathology. Australian Journal of Psychology, 70(2), 167-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajpy.12169
Körük, S., & Özabacı, N. (2018). Effectiveness of Schema Therapy on the Treatment of Depressive Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 10(4), 478-494. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.361790
Legenbauer, T., Radix, A. K., Augustat, N., & Schütt-Strömel, S. (2018). Power of cognition: How dysfunctional cognitions and schemas influence eating behavior in daily life among individuals with eating disorders. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2138. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02138
Leung, N., Waller, G., & Thomas, G. (2000). Outcome of group cognitive-behavior therapy for bulimia nervosa: The role of core beliefs. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(2), 145-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00047-0
Leung, N., Waller, G., & Thomas, G. (1999). Core beliefs in anorexic and bulimic women. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 187(12), 736-741. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199912000-00005
Linardon, J., Fairburn, C. G., Fitzsimmons-Craft, E. E., Wilfley, D. E., & Brennan, L. (2017). The empirical status of the third-wave behaviour therapies for the treatment of eating disorders: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 58, 125-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.10.005
Maher, A., Cason, L., Huckstepp, T., Stallman, H., Kannis-Dymand, L., Millear, P., ... & Allen, A. (2022). Early maladaptive schemas in eating disorders: A systematic review. European Eating Disorders Review, 30(1), 3-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2866
Meneguzzo, P., Cazzola, C., Castegnaro, R., Buscaglia, F., Bucci, E., Pillan, A., ... & Todisco, P. (2021). Associations between trauma, early maladaptive schemas, personality traits, and clinical severity in eating disorder patients: a clinical presentation and mediation analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 661924. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661924
Moraes, A. D. S., Padovani, R. D. C., La Scala Teixeira, C. V., Cuesta, M. G. S., Gil, S. D. S., de Paula, B., ... & Caranti, D. A. (2021). Cognitive behavioral approach to treat obesity: a randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8, 611217. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.611217
Nagata, J. M., Garber, A. K., Tabler, J., Murray, S. B., Vittinghoff, E., & Bibbins-Domingo, K. (2018). Disordered eating behaviors and cardiometabolic risk among young adults with overweight or obesity. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 51(8), 931-941. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22927
Nordahl, H. M., Holthe, H., & Haugum, J. A. (2005). Early maladaptive schemas in patients with or without personality disorders: Does schema modification predict symptomatic relief?. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 12(2), 142-149. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.430
Palmieri, S., Mansueto, G., Ruggiero, G. M., Caselli, G., Sassaroli, S., & Spada, M. M. (2021). Metacognitive beliefs across eating disorders and eating behaviours: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 28(5), 1254-1265. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2573
Petrocelli, J. V., Glaser, B. A., Calhoun, G. B., & Campbell, L. F. (2001). Early maladaptive schemas of personality disorder subtypes. Journal of Personality Disorders, 15(6), 546-559. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.15.6.546.19189
Spoer, B., & Fullilove, R. (2015). Lessons learned from the diffusion of effective behavioral interventions program for childhood obesity interventions. Public Health Reports, 130(6), 566-569. https://doi.org/10.1177/003335491513000604
Staniaszek, K., & Popiel, A. (2019). Development and validation of an experimental Polish abbreviated version of Young's Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-ES-PL) for the study of early maladaptive schemas. Psychological Annals, 20(2), 373-399. https://doi.org/10.18290/rpsych.2019.20.2-5
Turner, H. M., Rose, K. S., & Cooper, M. J. (2005). Schema and parental bonding in overweight and nonoverweight female adolescents. International Journal of Obesity, 29(4), 381-387. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802915
Van der Valk, E. S., Savas, M., & van Rossum, E. F. (2018). Stress and obesity: are there more susceptible individuals? Current Obesity Reports, 7, 193-203. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s13679-018-0306-y
Videler, A. C., van Alphen, S. P., van Royen, R. J., van der Feltz-Cornelis, C. M., Rossi, G., & Arntz, A. (2018). Schema therapy for personality disorders in older adults: a multiple-baseline study. Aging & Mental Health, 22(6), 738-747. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/13607863.2017.1318260
Wadden, T. A., Berkowitz, R. I., Womble, L. G., Sarwer, D. B., Phelan, S., Cato, R. K., ... & Stunkard, A. J. (2005). Randomized trial of lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy for obesity. New England Journal of Medicine, 353(20), 2111-2120. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa050156
Waller, G. (2003). Schema‐level cognitions in patients with binge eating disorder: A case control study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 33(4), 458-464. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.10160
Waller, G., Meyer, C., & Ohanian, V. (2001a). Psychometric properties of the long and short versions of the Young Schema Questionnaire: Core beliefs among bulimic and comparison women. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 137-147. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026487018110
Waller, G., Shah, R., Ohanian, V., & Elliott, P. (2001b). Core beliefs in bulimia nervosa and depression: The discriminant validity of Young's Schema Questionnaire. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 139-153. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0005-7894(01)80052-9
Waller, G., Dickson, C., & Ohanian, V. (2002). Cognitive content in bulimic disorders: Core beliefs and eating attitudes. Eating Behaviors, 3(2), 171-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1471-0153(01)00052-1
Waller, G., Kennerley, H., & Ohanian, V. (2007). Schema-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders. In L. P. Riso, P. L. du Toit, D. J. Stein, & J. E. Young (Eds.), Cognitive schemas and core beliefs in psychological problems: A scientist-practitioner guide (pp. 139–175). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/11561-007
Young, J., Klosko, J., & Weishaar, M. (2013). Schema therapy. GWP.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/lrp.2025.44.4.217-232
Date of publication: 2025-12-29 13:02:11
Date of submission: 2025-02-03 13:45:30
Statistics
Indicators
Copyright (c) 2025
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.