Ukryj
Pokaż wszystkie
Wyślij tekst przez e-mail Państwowi właściciele na rynku wewnętrznym: lekarstwo czy trucizna?
Streszczenie w języku polskim
Przedsiębiorstwa państwowe należą do największych podmiotów rynkowych, a ich znaczenie wzrosło w ostatnich dekadach. W krajach rozwiniętych tendencja ta wpisuje się w funkcjonowanie normalnej gospodarki rynkowej, gdyż przedsiębiorstwa państwowe mogą służyć jako instrument ograniczania ryzyka zawodności rynku. Jednakże istnienie takich podmiotów może również prowadzić do nieuzasadnionych przewag konkurencyjnych, czego przykładem są niektóre chińskie monopole oraz państwa Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej dotknięte zjawiskiem cofania się demokracji. W opracowaniu analizie poddano konflikt między korzyściami a szkodliwymi skutkami funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstw państwowych w kontekście rynku wewnętrznego Unii Europejskiej oraz gospodarki globalnej. Celem było także zwrócenie uwagi na potencjalne zagrożenia dla integracji europejskiej, jakie może stwarzać własność państwowa w sferze konkurencji. Opracowanie opiera się na prawnoporównawczych badaniach naukowych, uzupełnionych analizą ilościową.
Słowa kluczowe
Pełny tekst:
PDF (English)Bibliografia
LITERATURE
Akkermans B., Ramaekers E., Article 345 TFEU (ex 295 EC), Its Meanings and Interpretations, “European Law Journal” 2010, vol. 16(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2010.00509.x
Alami I., Dixon A.D., The Strange Geographies of the ‘New’ State Capitalism, “Political Geography” 2020, vol. 82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2020.102237
Bartha I., Horváth T.M., An Extension of Exemptions: Systemic Shifts in European Union Law and Policies, “International Review of Administrative Sciences” 2022, vol. 88(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852320905359
Bartha I., Horváth T.M., Does Not It Matter? Widening of Derogation for Services of General Economic Interests, “Maastricht Journal of Comparative Law” 2020, vol. 27(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1023263X19890211
Bernatt M., Populism and Antitrust: The Illiberal Influence of Populist Government on the Competition Law System, Cambridge 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108609548
Bernier L., Florio M., Bance P. (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of State-Owned Enterprises, London 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351042543
Bovis C., The Nature and Character of the Public Markets and Their Effects on Public Procurement in the European Union, “Studia Iuridica Lublinensia” 2022, vol. 31(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17951/sil.2022.31.4.9-27
Bruton G.D., Peng M.W., Ahlstrom D., Stan C., Xu K., State-Owned Enterprises Around the World as Hybrid Organizations, “Academy of Management Perspectives” 2015, vol. 29(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2013.0069
Bulmer S., Parker O., Bache I., George S., Burns C., Politics in the European Union, Oxford 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198820635.001.0001
Cabau E., Unbundling of Transmission System Operators, [in:] The Internal Energy Market: The Third Liberalisation Package, ed. C. Jones, Leuven 2010.
Chaisse J., Górski J., Sejko D. (eds.), Regulation of State-Controlled Enterprises: An International and Comparative Examination, Singapore 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1368-6
Citroni G., Neither State nor Market: Municipalities, Corporations and Municipal Corporatization in Water Services – Germany, France and Italy Compared, [in:] The Provision of Public Services in Europe: Between State, Local Government and Market, eds. H. Wollmann, G. Marcou, Northampton 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849807227.00016
Colomo P.I., Will Article 106 TFEU Case Law Transform EU Competition Law?, “Journal of European Competition Law & Practice” 2022, vol. 13(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jeclap/lpac039
Cuervo-Cazurra A. (ed.), State-Owned Multinationals: Governments in Global Business, Cham 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51715-5
Cuervo-Cazurra A., Inkpen A., Musacchio A., Ramaswamy K., Governments as Owners: State-Owned Multinational Companies, “Journal of International Business Studies” 2014, vol. 45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2014.43
Diathesopoulos M.D., Ownership Unbundling in EU & Legal Problems, 29.12.2010. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1732212
Drexl J., Bagnoli V. (eds.), State-Initiated Restraints of Competition, Northampton 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784714987
European Commission, State-Owned Enterprises in the EU: Lessons Learnt and Ways Forward in a Post-Crisis Context, Luxembourg 2016.
Haas J.S., D’Erman V.J., Schulz D.F., Verdun A., Economic and Fiscal Policy Coordination After the Crisis: Is the European Semester Promoting More or Less State Intervention?, “Journal of European Integration” 2020, vol. 42(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2020.1730356
Heim M., How Can European Competition Law Address Market Distortions Caused by State-Owned Enterprises?, “Policy Contribution” 2019, vol. 15(18).
Hornkohl L., Protecting the Internal Market from Subsidisation with the EU State Aid Regime and the Foreign Subsidies Regulation: Two Sides of the Same Coin?, “Journal of European Competition Law & Practice” 2023, vol. 14(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jeclap/lpad005
Hunt M., Ownership Unbundling: The Main Legal Issues in a Controversial Debate, [in:] EU Energy Law and Policy Issues, eds. B. Delvaux, M. Hunt, K. Talus, Brussels 2008.
Kurlantzick J., State Capitalism: How the Return of Statism Is Transforming the World, Oxford 2016.
Liu R., How State-Owned Enterprises Drag on Economic Growth: Theory and Evidence from China, Berlin 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59188-8
Lopes C.F., Ferreira A., Ferreira C., State-Owned Enterprises and Corporate Scandals: A Systematic Literature Review, “International Journal of Ethics and Systems” 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-07-2024-0221
Magyar B., Madlovics B., A Concise Field Guide to Post-Communist Regimes: Actors, Institutions, and Dynamics, Budapest 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9789633865880
McDonald D., Don’t Get Too Excited: The Structural Limits of State-Owned Enterprises in Capital Economies, [in:] The Routledge Handbook of State-Owned Enterprises, eds. L. Bernier, M. Florio, P. Bance, London 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351042543-15
McLaughlin M., Defining a State-Owned Enterprise in International Investment Agreements, “ICSID Review: Foreign Investment Law Journal” 2025, vol. 34(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/siz011
OECD, Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, Paris 2005.
OECD, Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, Paris 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264244160-en
OECD, Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, Paris 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/18a24f43-en
OECD, Organizing the State Ownership Function: Implementing the OECD Guidelines on State-Owned Enterprises, Paris 2020.
OECD, Ownership and Governance of State-Owned Enterprises, Paris 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/395c9956-en
OECD, Ownership and Governance of State-Owned Enterprises: A Compendium of National Practices, Paris 2018.
OECD, State-Owned Enterprises as Global Competitors: A Challenge or an Opportunity?, Paris 2016.
OECD, The COVID-19 Crisis and State Ownership in the Economy: Issues and Policy Considerations, Paris 2020.
OECD, The Size and Sectoral Distribution of State-Owned Enterprises, Paris 2017.
O’Grady Putek C., Limited but Not Lost: A Comment on the ECJ’s Golden Share Decisions, “Fordham Law Review” 2004, vol. 72(5).
Papenfuß U., Steinhauer L., Friedlander B., Clearing the Fog for an Overall View on State-Owned Enterprises: Quality of Aggregate Holdings Reporting by Public Administrations in 12 Countries, “International Review of Administrative Sciences” 2019. vol. 85(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852316681445
Pielow J., Ehlers E., Ownership Unbundling and Constitutional Conflict: A Typical German Debate?, “European Review of Energy Markets” 2008, vol. 2(3).
Pigeon M., McDonald D.A., Hoedeman O., Kishimoto S. (eds.), Re-municipalisation: Putting Water Back into Public Hands, Amsterdam 2012.
Reuter P., La Communauté européenne du charbon et de l’acier, Paris 1953.
Richmond C., Benedek D., Cabezon E., Cegar B., Dohlman P., Hassine M., Jajko B., Kopyrski P., Markevych M., Miniane J.A., Parodi F.J., Pula G., Roaf J., Song M.K., Sviderskaya M., Turk R.A., Weber S., Reassessing the Role of State-Owned Enterprises in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe, Washington 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781498315142.087
Sauter W., Public Services in EU Law, Cambridge 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107588844
Shleifer A., Vishny R.W., Politicians and Firms, “The Quarterly Journal of Economics” 1994, vol. 109(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2118354
Talus K., Johnston A., Comment on Pielow, Brunekreeft and Ehlers on ‘Ownership Unbundling’, “Journal of World Energy Law & Business” 2009, vol. 2(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jwelb/jwp004
Theuns T., Containing Populism at the Cost of Democracy? Political vs. Economic Responses to Democratic Backsliding in the EU, “Global Justice and Populism” 2020, vol. 12(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21248/gjn.12.02.220
Wu Y., Reforming WTO Rules on State-Owned Enterprises: In the Context of SOEs Receiving Various Advantages, Singapore 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3561-7
Xin C. (ed.), The Status Quo of State-Owned Enterprises in CEE Countries, Budapest 2021.
ONLINE SOURCES
Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index, Bulgaria Country Report 2026, https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report/BGR (access: 10.9.2024).
Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index, Croatia Country Report 2026, https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report/HRV (access: 10.9.2024).
Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index, Czechia Country Report 2026, https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report/CZE (access: 10.9.2024).
Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index, Estonia Country Report 2026, https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report/EST (access: 10.9.2024).
Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index, Hungary Country Report 2026, https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report/HUN (access: 10.9.2024).
Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index, Latvia Country Report 2026, https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report/LVA (access: 10.9.2024).
Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index, Lithuania Country Report 2026, https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report/LTU (access: 10.9.2024).
Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index, Poland Country Report 2026, https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report/POL (access: 10.9.2024).
Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index, Romania Country Report 2026, https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report/ROU (access: 10.9.2024).
Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index, Slovakia Country Report 2026, https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report/SVK (access: 10.9.2024).
Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index, Slovenia Country Report 2026, https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report/SVN (access: 10.9.2024).
Cseres K., Defending the Rule of Law through EU Competition Law: The Case of Hungary, 2024, https://www.sipotra.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Defending-the-rule-of-law-through-EU-competition-law-the-case-of-Hungary.pdf (access: 20.9.2024).
Di Noia C., An Increasing Role of State-Owned Enterprises in the Global Economy Calls for Better Governance, 17.7.2023, https://www.oecd-forum.org/posts/an-increasing-role-of-state-owned-enterprises-in-the-global-economy-calls-for-better-governance (access: 5.9.2024).
Haász J., Zách D., 480-as üzemanyag: élt majdnem 13 hónapot – az olcsó tankolással önmagunkat csaptuk be, 6.12.2022, https://telex.hu/belfold/2022/12/06/egy-literenkent-480-forintos-ev-ezek-az-uzemanyagar-korlatozas-tortenetenek-allomasai (access: 10.9.2024).
Megjelent, Panaszt tettek a Mol ellen a versenyhivatalnál a független benzinkutak, 27.2.2024, https://hvg.hu/gazdasag/20240227_Mol_GVH_panasz_FBSZ (access: 15.9.2024).
REPORTS
Commission Staff Working Document – 2020 Country Report – Hungary. Accompanying the document: Recommendation for a Council Recommendation on the economic, social, employment, structural and budgetary policies of Hungary, Brussels, 26.2.2020, SWD(2020) 516 final.
Commission Staff Working Document – 2022 Country Report – Hungary. Accompanying the document: Recommendation for a Council Recommendation on the economic, social, employment, structural and budgetary policies of Hungary, Brussels, 23.5.2022, SWD(2022) 614 final.
Commission Staff Working Document – 2023 Country Report – Hungary. Accompanying the document Recommendation for a Council Recommendation on the economic, social, employment, structural and budgetary policies of Hungary, Brussels, 24.5.2023, SWD(2023) 617 final.
Commission Staff Working Document 2024 – Country Report – Hungary. Accompanying the document Recommendation for a Council Recommendation on the economic, social, employment, structural and budgetary policies of Hungary, Brussels, 19.6.2024, SWD/2024/617 final.
LEGAL ACTS
Commission Notice on the application of Articles 87 and 88 of the EC Treaty to State aid in the form of guarantees (OJ C 155/10, 20.6.2008).
Commission Regulation (EU) No. 651/2014 of 17 June 2014 declaring certain categories of aid compatible with the internal market in application of Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty (OJ L 187/1, 26.6.2014).
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1084 of 14 June 2017 amending Regulation (EU) No. 651/2014 as regards aid for port and airport infrastructure, notification thresholds for aid for culture and heritage conservation and for aid for sport and multifunctional recreational infrastructures, and regional operating aid schemes for outermost regions and amending Regulation (EU) No. 702/2014 as regards the calculation of eligible costs (OJ L 156/1, 20.6.2017).
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the application of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2020/2092 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2020 on a general regime of conditionality for the protection of the Union budget, COM(2024) 17 final.
Directive 2004/17/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 coordinating the procurement procedures of entities operating in the water, energy, transport and postal services sectors (OJ L 134/1, 30.4.2004).
Directive 2004/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 on the coordination of procedures for the award of public works contracts, public supply contracts and public service contracts (OJ L 134/114, 30.4.2004).
Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2020/2092 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2020 on a general regime of conditionality for the protection of the Union budget (OJ L 433I/1, 22.12.2020).
Regulation (EU) 2022/2560 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 on foreign subsidies distorting the internal market (OJ L 330/1, 23.12.2022).
CASE LAW
Judgment of the ECJ of 15 July 1964, case 6/64, Flaminio Costa v E.N.E.L., ECLI:EU:C:1964:66.
Judgment of the ECJ of 24 July 2003, case C-280/00, Altmark Trans, ECLI:EU:C:2003:415.
Judgment of the ECJ of 4 June 2004, case C-503/99, Commission v Belgium, ECLI:EU:C:2002:328.
Judgment of the ECJ of 13 October 2005, case C-458/03, Parking Brixen, ECLI:EU:C:2005:605.
Judgment of the ECJ of 7 May 2009, case C-504/07, Antrop, ECLI:EU:C:2009:290.
Judgment of the ECJ of 3 March 2011, case C-437/09, AG2R Prévoyance, ECLI:EU:C:2011:112.
Judgment of the ECJ of 22 October 2013, case 95/12, Commission v Germany, ECLI:EU:C:2013:676.
Judgment of the ECJ of 22 October 2013, joined cases C-105/12 to C-107/12, Essent and Others, ECLI:EU:C:2013:677.
Opinion of Advocate General Colomer (ECJ) of 3 July 2001, case C-367/98 Commission v Portugal, case C-483/99 Commission v France, and case C-503/99 Commission v Belgium, ECLI:EU:C:2001:369.
Opinion of Advocate General Colomer (ECJ) of 6 November 2008, case C-326/07, Commission v Italy, ECLI:EU:C:2008:611.
Opinion of Advocate General Niilo Jääskinen (ECJ) of 16 April 2013, joined cases C-105/12 to 107/12, Essent and Others, ECLI:EU:C:2013:242.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2026.35.1.89-117
Data publikacji: 2026-06-24 10:09:49
Data złożenia artykułu: 2024-12-12 15:14:58
Statystyki
Wskaźniki
Odwołania zewnętrzne
- Brak odwołań zewnętrznych
Prawa autorskie (c) 2026 Ildikó Bartha, Tamás M. Horváth
Powyższa praca jest udostępniana na lcencji Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.